similar phenomenon

A similar phenomenon was reported for tissue-cultured strawberries (Desjardins, 1987), and tomato transplants (Hurd, 1968).




For agriculturists, this research has far-reaching implications since transplants are becoming increasingly popular for the establishment of commercial plants. In the case of asparagus, its advantages over conventional plantings of 1-year-old crowns include the prevention of root diseases, superior stand establishment, and reduced production costs associated with high seed prices and digging-replanting operations.

Desjardins, Gosselin and Lamarre concluded that C02 enrichment and supplementary lighting improved plant quality and reduced the nursery period. They further concluded that supplementary lighting contributed significantly to an improvement in plant survival. However, the effects did not contribute to improved yield components, such as number of shoots per plant or height of the plant. Nonetheless, they were able to demonstrate improved growth of plantlets in the field after two years' growth.

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Choose new window blinds

Decorate your windows with new window blinds. Window blind will help your windows look fresh with covering comprised of long strips of fabric or rigid material. You can choose include shutters, Venetian blinds, roller shades and curtain like track blinds. The main types are slat blinds which can be opened in two ways and solid blinds.



Window blinds reduce the heat from sunlight and close from the people eyes. Window blinds can be manually drawn or automated through motorization, controlled from a wall switch or keypad, remote control, or a personal computer. Find your favorite style from Smith+Noble with many manufactures offer to you. Anyway, you can fill your window size and get the price quote as quickly from the Smith+Noble website.

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Chrysanthemums

Chrysanthemums, roses and carnations also respond well to elevated C02 levels. Experiments on roses have shown a 53% increase in flower weight when exposed to 1000 ppm of C02, with specific effects of increased stem lengths, a greater number of petals and a shorter cropping time in winter. Carnation yields have been increased by up to 38% with increases in flower weight, stem thickness, and shorter flowering times.




Results on asparagus transplants and in vitro-cultured clones using C02 enrichment and supplemental lighting in greenhouse experiments are nothing short of spectacular. Desjardins, Gosselin and Lamarre (1990) reported increased root and fern dry weight for transplants of 196% and 336%, using 900 and 1500 PPM Of C02 respectively. For clones they reported increases of 335% and 229% respectively. From their C02 models it can be seen that transplants respond better to higher levels Of C02, while clones respond better to lower concentrations.

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Hydroponic Research

Research by Downton,
Bjorkman and Pike (1980) studied the effects of increasing the C02 level using Nerium oleander, a drought-resistant evergreen shrub, and Tidestronia oblongifolia, a summer-active perennial native to the floor of Death Valley, USA. They found that while increased photosynthesis enhanced dry matter production and flower production, water use efficiency was greatly increased. For N. oleander grown at double normal C02 levels, water efficiency also doubled; for T obiongifolia grown at triple C02 levels, water efficiency tripled, although C02 enrichment did not enhance growth significantly. Their research did show that such plants can be grown in areas currently too arid for agriculture. Of greater significance, however, is the increase in dry matter production in areas where plants already grow.



Over the past decade there have been numerous studies on the effect Of C02 enrichment, but growth and yield rates have varied from model to model. For tomatoes, Slack (1986) showed a 30% increase in growth and yield, while Yelle (1987) reported a 36% increase. These results support earlier studies by Wittwer and Homma (1969) who, in tomato seedlings, reported accelerated growth rates, root growth promotion, and earlier flowering and fruiting. Other studies have shown a 31% weight increase in lettuce when exposed to 1600 ppm Of C02, and a 23% increase in fruit weight for cucumbers exposed to 1000 PPM C02.

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Candy for Valentine's Day

Do you have any present for this Valentine's Day?
I think Candy in Bulk is a good idea for your love one other than rose. Valentine's Day is the special day for every people who have some body with love. What better way to say "I Love You" than with candy or chocolate. Candy is only ranked number two on the list of Valentine's Day gifts, just behind roses. While candy alone is a good gift for your children, parents or grandparents, when you're buying a gift for the special man or woman in your life, you need a little more than just candy. Sweet candy has come into it's own with such delectables as gummi hearts, gummi bears and bright red heart shaped lollipops often placed into an arrangement in place of flowers with a trio of balloons.

Two-Tone Hearts

This Two-Tone Hearts is a beautiful color candy. You can find many Candy in Bulk with more color and style from Oh nuts.com. Just find a bulk and sent to your lovely one or your friends. There are also over 2,000 Items to choose from the web. Candy is given to loved ones as a symbol of our love and commitment. You can also buy Candy in Bulk for any seasonal such as birthday, father-mother day, Christmas, etc.

Happy Valentine's Day to you!!

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High Definition Radio stations to iTunes-Tagging

The old radio station are more than 50 years ago. Nowadays, the new technology with new country music stations can enables AM and FM radio stations with broadcast to you with iTunes tagging.




When you hear a song you like on your local radio station, you can save that favorite song from your HD Radio receiver to your iPod® immediately. The songs will show up in a playlist called "Tagged" in iTunes the next time you sync your iPod to your computer.
With iTunes tagging feature, you can keep your favorite songs much more you need.

Anyway just try to find a station from Florida High Definition Radio stations by select your state from station on the air page. With HD Radio technology that will soon be up and running with their additional HD2 channels. I think this station will make you happy with your favorite songs.

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CAM

CAM (Crassulacean Acid Metabolism) plants have the highest wateruse efficiency because an additional enzyme allows a temporal variation in C02 uptake, fixing C02 from the air at night but reducing it to carbohydrates during the day when the stomata are closed. This group comprises succulent xerophytes most of which have no economic value, with one exception - the humble pineapple.





So much for the scientific explanations, but what does this mean in practice to the agriculturist who would like to put this knowledge to good use?

In general terms, it is possible that the selection of crop species most suited to changing conditions may be one of the first elements in any planned contingency program of adaptation to a high C02 atmosphere of the future. However, the choice of future crops will depend as much upon diurnal and seasonal patterns of temperature and rainfall as it will upon C02 levels. The kind of climate scenario being projected for the middle of the 21st century could lead to major shifts away from crops such as wheat, barley, potatoes and sugar-beet, to more water efficient crops like rice, cassava, sweet potato, maize, sorghum, pearl millet and sugarcane.

A side benefit of an enriched C02 atmosphere is increased water use efficiency in many plants. Under normal C02 atmospheric conditions, C02 diffuses into the leaf while water travels up the root system and transpires through the stomata. But in a C02 enriched environment the stomata shrink, with the result that plants transpire less water. In essence, this means plants become more water efficient.

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Drip Irrigation Systems

Drip systems are probably the most widely used type of hydroponic system in the world. Operation is simple, a timer controls a submersed pump. The timer turns the pump on and nutrient solution is dripped onto the base of each plant by a small drip line. In a Recovery Drip System the excess nutrient solution that runs off is collected back in the reservoir for re-use. The Non-Recovery System does not collect the run off.




The Dutch who grow everything using this system, have mastered this technique. Nor do they just grow everything, they grow on an unprecedented scale compared to any other nation. The plants are propagated in a rockwool cube then grown on in a rockwool slab. The plants are individually fed using drippers. These drip emitters are designed to deliver at a set rate at a pre-set volume of water per hour.

Each dripper is wired to an infrastructure of tubes and delivery pipes, which are fed by one master pump. Most commercial systems are what are known as high-pressure drip systems and most domestic systems are known as a low-pressure drip system. These commercial high pressure drip systems are typically run to waste systems. This is when the nutrient is bled off and after dripping through the rockwool slab then simply allowed to run down the drain i.e. to waste. This ensures these plants get the exact maximum nutritional value from the nutrient solution and also cuts back on the possibility of bacteria or fungal problems like pythium. Most low-pressure drip systems are recycling or re-circulating systems where the nutrient returns to the tank then gets pumped back to the plants, then to the tank, so on and so forth.

These systems are relatively cheap compared to others and easily built once you get your head round the spaghetti of pipes, tubes and fittings. Drip systems are also very versatile and can be made in many shapes and formats allowing you a more modular design for your grow rooms.

A recovery system uses nutrient solution a bit more efficiently, as excess solution is reused, this also allows for the use of a more inexpensive timer because a recovery system doesn't require precise control of the watering cycles. The non-recovery system needs to have a more precise timer so that watering cycles can be adjusted to insure that the plants get enough nutrient solution and the runoff is kept to a minimum.

The non-recovery system requires less maintenance due to the fact that the excess nutrient solution isn't recycled back into the reservoir, so the nutrient strength and pH of the reservoir will not vary. This means that you can fill the reservoir with pH adjusted nutrient solution and then forget it until you need to mix more. A recovery system can have large shifts in the pH and nutrient strength levels that require periodic checking and adjusting.

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Flood And Drain

Flood And Drain aka Ebb And Flow Pod System™

This is a very simple but very effective technique. It is basically a hybridisation of all the above techniques put together. The principle, as per the description of the title, is simple, however, very effective. These systems normally use clay pebbles as the substrate, as this medium provides very good drainage and good retention of water, which over a period of time will dry out. A flood and drain system typically works by using a timer and submersible pump. The timer controls the flood via the submersible pump. The timer controls the flood and drain cycle of the system. Most flood and drain systems work via a bottom flood, which over a period of preset time floods two thirds to three quarters of the growing medium. Then, once the flood cycle reaches the desired height, the pump stops and gravity then pulls the water back to the reservoir. Then, depending on the size and depth of the system, some time later the cycle is repeated.





Conventional flood and drain systems are normally quite shallow i.e. approximately 5-10cm deep. However, due to recent developments, we now have on the market deep flood and drain systems. The pod system ™ is approximately 50cm deep. Original shallow flood and drain systems obviously take less time to flood however, need to be flooded more often over a 24-hour period. The reason is that the medium takes shorter and longer periods of time to dry before another flood is initiated, i.e. the shallow flood and drain medium will dry out quicker resulting in more floods per 24 hour period.

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